CONTRIBUTOR(S): Vetstream Ltd, Nicola Bates, Fear Free,
Poisoning
Poisoning can occur if a poisonous substance is swallowed (solids or liquids), breathed in (gases) or absorbed through the skin (normally liquids). Poisons are substances that damage the cells in the body. In order to cause harm they must enter, or come into contact with the body. Many poisons are products we use every day and can be found in food, medications, household and garden substances. Accidental poisoning in dogs and cats is usually caused by substances we commonly have around the house, eg human medications, cleaning products and pest control products.
Examples of rat poison ©Vetstream Ltd
How can I prevent my animal from being poisoned?
Almost all cases of poisoning are accidental so the best way to prevent poisoning is to ensure that all poisons are kept out of sight and reach of your pets (and children):
- Dispose of unwanted medicines safely.
- Read the product label and follow the instructions for correct use and disposal.
- Ensure lids are replaced correctly to prevent spillage, if the container is knocked over.
- Clean up drips and spills promptly.
- Dispose of empty containers and waste food safely.
- Put pest control products in pet-proof containers before putting them out.
- Be vigilant when walking your dog to ensure they do not pick up any unusual things.
How would I know if my pet has been poisoned?
You should be worried that your pet might have been poisoned if you suspect they have eaten, or come into contact with a toxic substance. It's important to contact your vet immediately - even though your pet probably still seems fine. You may be unaware that your pet has been exposed to a toxic substance until they show signs of being unwell. Call your vet if you have any concerns, and urgently if you notice signs such as breathing difficulties, seizures or severe vomiting and diarrhea. Every poison produces different effects, and a poisoned pet may show a number of signs such as:
- Restlessness or drowsiness.
- Vomiting and/or diarrhea.
- Salivation or drooling from the mouth.
- Breathing difficulties.
- Muscle tremors, twitching or seizures.
- Confusion, changes in behavior or an abnormal reaction to sound or light.
- Hallucinations.
- Wobbly gait (ataxia).
- Changes in gum color to blue, pale or even very red.
- Unusual odors or smells (either on the breath or from contamination on the skin).
- Bite marks (poisoning can result from a bite or a sting).
- Burns to the mouth or the tongue.
- Irritation or inflammation of the skin.
- Foreign material passed in the stools.
What should I do if I think my pet has been poisoned?
A rapid response is critical in any possible cases of poisoning. If you suspect that your pet may have been poisoned:
- Protect your pet and remove it from the source of the intoxication.
- If you can do so safely, remove any suspect material from the animal's mouth.
- Contact your veterinarian for further advice and be prepared to take your pet and the suspect material, product details or product to the hospital.
- Be very cautious handling your pet and don't let other people handle your pet (disorientated or frightened animals may become aggressive and other people may be contaminated with the poison).
Should I try to make my pet vomit if I think it has eaten something poisoning?
No. Call your vet immediately for advice. Your vet will decide whether it is appropriate to make your dog vomit and will use the appropriate medications to do this as safely as possible. It is not always appropriate to induce vomiting, particularly if an animal has already been sick, is unconscious, very sleepy or depressed, has eaten a corrosive (acidic or alkaline) product or has eaten a petroleum-based product. If your dog has already vomited, collect a sample and take it to your veterinarian in case it is required for identification of a possible intoxicant.
What information will help my veterinarian?
On arrival at the veterinary practice someone will assess your pet immediately and make sure that their condition is stable before any other treatments are instigated. Your veterinarian will want to know:
- If your pet has known access to possible poisons.
- If so what poison, is a sample or container available?
- When your pet had access to the poison (how long ago)?
- How much was eaten or drunk (how much is missing from the container)?
- Has your pet shown any signs of being unwell?
- If your pet is receiving any medication or has any pre-existing medical conditions?
What are the common causes of poisoning in pets?
One of the most common causes of accidental poisoning in pets is owners giving human medication to their pet for pain relief. Never give medication to your pet unless instructed to do so by your veterinarian.