CONTRIBUTOR(S): Vetstream Ltd, Simon Platt, Rebecca Macmillan, Fear Free,
Medication: Gabapentin
Medication: Gabapentin
Dogs are commonly prescribed gabapentin to treat epileptic seizures, anxiety (such as visiting the veterinary hospital) or for the management of chronic pain, especially neuropathic pain (pain originating from the nerves).
Key points:
• Anticonvulsant drug.
• Kidney and liver function should be evaluated prior to use in dogs. Gabapentin should be used with caution in patients with severe liver or kidney disease.
• Dosage: two-three times daily.
This information sheet is designed to help answer commonly asked questions and to help you to give the medication safely and effectively to your pet. It does not contain all available information for this medication. If you have other questions or need more information, contact your veterinarian. Always follow the dosing instructions provided by your veterinarian.
Name, Brand names, Class of medication and Storage
Name
- Gabapentin (gaba-pent-in).
Brand name
- Neurontin® (Europe & UK, US).
- Neurostil®, Gantin®, Gabarone®, Gralise®, Progresse®, Aclonium®, and Equipax® (US).
- Used off-label.
Class of drug
- Anticonvulsant.
Storage
- Store tablets at room temperature.
- Store liquid form in refrigerator.
- Store out of sight and reach from children.
Why has my dog been prescribed gabapentin?
Your veterinarian may have prescribed gabapentin to manage seizures that are refractory to other treatments such as potassium bromide and phenobarbitone. It may also be used to manage chronic pain, including neuropathic pain and postoperative pain. Gabapentin is sometimes given to reduce fear or anxiety-related behavior in dogs. It can be useful as a pre-treatment, to help to calm anxious dogs ahead of visits to the veterinary surgery.
How is the medication given?
Gabapentin is given orally as film-coated tablets or capsules, with or without food. The dose may be increased incrementally from a lower starting dose.
A liquid solution is also available. Some liquid formulations are designed for people and may contain xylitol (an artificial sweetener). It is important that formulations containing xylitol are not given to dogs as xylitol is extremely toxic to dogs.
Are there any side-effects or drug interactions?
Overall, gabapentin is well-tolerated. Mild sedation and incoordination (ataxia) have been reported in dogs.
Drug interactions
Cimetidine has been reported to reduce clearance of gabapentin through the kidneys. Some antacids may reduce the absorption of gabapentin from the stomach. If your dog takes antacids, it is advised to wait 2 hours before gabapentin is given. Speak to your veterinarian for further advice.
How long will my dog need to receive this medication?
Gabapentin should be administered according to your veterinarian’s instructions. A tapered withdrawal of gabapentin is recommended if your veterinarian decides to stop administration to avoid any epileptic fits or rebound pain being triggered. Long-term courses of gabapentin should not be stopped suddenly.
How should I dispose of this medication if I don’t use it all?
Dispose of any unused gabapentin safely – do not flush down the toilet or sink. Ask your veterinary team if they take back medication for disposal. Do not save gabapentin for future use or give it to other pets.
What if I miss a dose or give an extra dose?
If you miss a dose, give the next dose as soon as possible but do not give a double dose. Make sure the next dose after this is given at least 6 hours later. After that you can go back to your normal dosing times. Ensure that the dose given does not exceed the total recommended dose in any 24-hour period. If you are not sure what to do, contact your vet for advice.
My dog is unwell, should I still give the drug?
If your pet is unwell, contact your veterinarian for advice.
What should I do if this medication is accidentally given to another pet or taken by a human?
Gabapentin should only be given to the dog that it has been prescribed for:
- Do not give to other pets in the household.
- No information available on use in young puppies.
- No information available on use in pregnant or lactating dogs.
- Use with caution in dogs with kidney impairment or severe liver disease.
If accidentally given to other pets, contact your veterinarian for advice.
If accidentally consumed by a human, speak to your primary care physician or poison control center immediately or go straight to your local hospital and take any packaging or remaining medication with you to show to the medical staff.
Will my dog need to be monitored while on gabapentin?
There are no specific monitoring requirements, but your veterinarian will need to examine your pet regularly to check that the medication is working.
Further information
If you have any concerns, further information on gabapentin can be found on the package insert.
Always follow the recommended dosage and contact your veterinary team if you have any questions regarding your dog’s medication.